Scrapy 框架中间件代理IP 提高效率

news/2025/2/26 13:28:58

中间件

拦截请求跟响应
进行ua(User-Agent ) 伪装代理 IP

中间件位置:

引擎和下载器中间的中间件 ( 下载中间件)
引擎跟 spider 中间的中间件 ( 爬虫中间件)(不常用)

下载中间件中的ua 伪装

下载中间件可以拦截调度器发送给下载器的请求。可以将请求的相应信息进行篡改，主要可以通过拦截请求修改请求的ip

在settings 中开启下载中间件

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   'postPro.middlewares.PostproDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}

process_request()
更改中间件中的 : ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

使用 UA 池

    user_agent_list = [
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
    ]

#拦截所有的正常的请求对象
def process_request(self, request, spider):
    #可以拦截到所有的响应对象
    request.headers['User-Agent'] = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)

代理IP

process_exception(self, request,)

ip列表

    PROXY_http = [
        '153.180.102.104:80',
        '195.208.131.189:56055',
    ]
    PROXY_https = [
        '120.83.49.90:9000',
        '95.189.112.214:35508',
    ]

使用 ip代理池:

# request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://ip/port'

# 判断请求协议头
#拦截的是发生异常的请求对象
def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
    #设置代理ip
    if request.url.split(':')[0] == 'http':
        request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://'+random.choice(self.PROXY_http)
    else:
        request.meta['proxy'] = 'https://'+random.choice(self.PROXY_https)